Thursday, December 19, 2013
Wednesday, December 18, 2013
Mihinthale sights, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka.
'Buddhism was
introduced to Sri Lanka at Mihintale in 247 B.C. King Devanampiyatissa of Sri
Lanka, who was on a hunting expedition, became a disciple of Buddha after the
Buddhist missionary Mahinda preached a sermon. He was followed by his queen,
his ministers, officials and the people. Mihintale thus became historically and
religiously significant, and ever since it annually attracts pilgrims during
the June full moon to commemorate the official introduction of Buddhism to Sri
Lanka. To accommodate the lay and scholarly interest in Mihintale, both the
sacred area and the town have undergone several phases of development, including
a site museum. A rock inscription records the finest description of the running
of a monastery in the 9th century A.D. It refers to the 200 or more serfs who
assisted the religious congregation of 2,000. It also records the salaries paid
to the physician, the surgeons, the teachers, potters, cooks and other workers.
The lay assistants were instructed to submit the list of expenditures once a
week, a summary of accounts at the end of each lunar month, and a balance
sheet at the end of each year.
Refectory hall
(left), stone inscriptions (above) and the relic chamber (below) at Mihintale
where Buddhism was introduced to Sri Lanka by Prince Mahinda, the son of Indian
Emperor Ashoka, in 247 B.C.'
Tuesday, December 17, 2013
The caves at Mihinthale, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka.
Caves used by Buddhist Monks in ancient times. |
Stone stairway leading to the 'Kanthaka Chaithya'. |
‘In
the 3rd century BC, area of Mihinthalawa was a thick jungle area inhibited by
wild animals and was a hunting ground reserved for the royals. All this
changed in 250 BC when the son of the Indian Emperor Asoka, Mahinda Maha
Thero arrived at the Missaka Pauwa to meet king Devamnampiyatissa for the
first time and asked the famous questions to decide whether he is intelligent
enough to understand the philosophy of the Buddha. Initially Mahinda Maha
Thero’s residence, but later Mihinthale became a main centre for Theravada
Buddhism.
Mihinthale
is a collection of four mountains each about 1000 feet in height. They are
1. Mihinthalawa
2. Ath Vehera mountain
3. Anaikutti mountain
4. Rajagiri Lena mountain
Mihinthalawa
is the main mountain and where the Aradhana gala (The rock of invitation) and
the main Mahaseya stupa is situated’.
|
A flower seller at the beginning of the ascent to Mihinthale. |
Monday, December 16, 2013
Sunday, December 15, 2013
Abheyagiri sights, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka, Sankha, Padhma, Guardian Spirits.
'Padma Guardian Spirit''? |
'Shanka guardian spirit'? |
'Sri Ram asked Agastya--'Who was Ravana -- the tormentor of
deities? I am anxious to know about the origin of his whole clan."
Sage Agastya replied--Vishrava
was the grandson of Lord Brahma. His father was sage Pulastya. Vishrava had two
wives--Mandakini and Kaikasi. Mandakani's son was Kubera while Kaikasi was the
mother of Ravana, Kumbhakarna and Vibhishan. Kubera ruled over Lanka. One day,
Kubera, came to see his parents boarded on his aircraft--Pushpak Viman. After
he returned to Lanka, Ravana, who was very much impressed by Kubera's royal
appearances asked Kaikasi--"Who was this fellow? From where did he acquire
such an amazing aircraft."
Kaikasi revealed to Ravana that
the guest was none other than his step-brother Kubera. She said--"Kubera
is the son of your step mother--Mandakini. He has made his mother proud by his
conduct but I am ashamed of you, because of your inconsequential existence. You
are no better than a worm."
Ravan decided to prove his
mother wrong by acquiring insurmountable power and authority. Ravana went to
the forest and performed an austere penance for ten thousand years by standing
on one foot. He fixed his gaze at the sun and never for a moment did he remove
his gaze from it. Kumbhakarna and Vibhishan also engaged themselves in austere
penance. At last, Lord Brahma became pleased and blessed Ravana with a vast
kingdom. Ravan then started tormenting his step-brother Kumbhakarna. He
snatched Kubera's Pushpak Viman and drove him out of Lanka. Ravan then turned
his attention towards the deities and drove them out of heaven. The deities
went to seek the help of Lord Brahma who in turn took them to Lord Shiva. Even
Lord Shiva was clueless about the means by which the indomitable Ravana could
be subdued. Ultimately all of them including Lord Shiva went to Lord Vishnu and
sought his help'...
'In the context of Hindu mythology, Nidhi, that is, a treasure,
constituted of nine treasures (nawanidhi) belonging to Kubera (also spelt as Kuvera), the god of wealth.
According to the tradition, each nidhi is personified as having a guardian
spirit, and some tantrikas worship them. The nature and characteristics of
nidhis have remained largely unexplained and have not been fully understood.
According toAmarakosha, the nine nidhis are:
-
mahapadma "great lotus flower"
- padma
"lotus flower"
- shankha
"conch"
- makara
"crocodile"
-
kachchhapa "tortoise"
- mukunda
"a particular precious stone"
- kunda
"jasmine"
- nila
"sapphire"
- kharva
"dwarf"
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